| Summary: | Abstract The microbial community and extracellular polymeric substances composition of anaerobic granular sludge exposed to selenate (~10 mg/L), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) (~2 and 5 mg/L) were investigated by high‐throughput sequencing and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM) spectra, respectively. As a response to selenate, Cd and/or Zn exposure, significant fluorescence quenching of fulvic‐like acids and humic‐like substances was observed. With selenate, Cd and/or Zn in the influent with respective concentrations of 10, 5 and 5 mg/L, the abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Spirochaetae, Cloacimonetes and Synergistetes increased significantly, and the dominant taxa in the anaerobic granular sludge exposed to Se, Cd and/or Zn were Halothiobacillaceae (10.2%), Pseudomonas (8.8%), Synergistaceae (7.7%), Spirochaetaceae (7.2%), Blvii28 wastewater sludge group (6.7%), Telmatospirillum (4.6%), Veillonellaceae (4.3%), Geobacter (4.0%) and Enterobacteriaceae (3.0%). Compared with the inoculum, the abundance of the archaea Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta decreased to below detection limit in the UASB reactor after 116 days exposure to Se, Cd and Zn.
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