| 總結: | Despite the application of control measures, mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose a serious threat to human health. In this context, exploiting <i>Wolbachia</i>, a common symbiotic bacterium in insects, may offer effective solutions to suppress vectors or reduce their competence in transmitting several arboviruses. Many <i>Wolbachia</i> strains can induce conditional egg sterility, known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), when infected males mate with females that do not harbor the same <i>Wolbachia</i> infection. Infected males can be mass-reared and then released to compete with wild males, reducing the likelihood of wild females encountering a fertile mate. Furthermore, certain <i>Wolbachia</i> strains can reduce the competence of mosquitoes to transmit several RNA viruses. Through CI, <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected individuals can spread within the population, leading to an increased frequency of mosquitoes with a reduced ability to transmit pathogens. Using artificial methods, <i>Wolbachia</i> can be horizontally transferred between species, allowing the establishment of various laboratory lines of mosquito vector species that, without any additional treatment, can produce sterilizing males or females with reduced vector competence, which can be used subsequently to replace wild populations. This manuscript reviews the current knowledge in this field, describing the different approaches and evaluating their efficacy, safety, and sustainability. Successes, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed in the context of the current spread of several arboviral diseases, the rise of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations, and the impact of climate change. In this context, we explore the necessity of coordinating efforts among all stakeholders to maximize disease control. We discuss how the involvement of diverse expertise—ranging from new biotechnologies to mechanistic modeling of eco-epidemiological interactions between hosts, vectors, <i>Wolbachia</i>, and pathogens—becomes increasingly crucial. This coordination is especially important in light of the added complexity introduced by <i>Wolbachia</i> and the ongoing challenges posed by global change.
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