Internal and external factors influencing Gen Z wellbeing

Abstract Background Gen Z, the cohort of individuals born approximately between the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2010s, has been noted to experience challenges regarding their wellbeing. Yet, addressing wellbeing issues among individuals in their productive years is crucial due to the significant...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC Public Health
Main Authors: Diena Dwidienawati, Yosef Pradipto, Lilik Indrawati, Dyah Gandasari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22124-5
Description
Summary:Abstract Background Gen Z, the cohort of individuals born approximately between the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2010s, has been noted to experience challenges regarding their wellbeing. Yet, addressing wellbeing issues among individuals in their productive years is crucial due to the significant impacts on innovation, productivity, and performance. Wellbeing is influenced by internal and external factors. One important external factor is technology. Concerns such as excessive screen time and the constant need for updated information, often referred to as the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), have been associated with a decline in wellbeing. Nevertheless, comprehensive research examining the effects of screen time and FoMO on wellbeing remains limited. This study aims to explore both internal (such as FOMO, extraversion, and resilience) and external factors (such as social support and screen time) that contribute to the wellbeing of Gen Z individuals. Methods The research adopted a quantitative approach involving 408 participants, with Smart-PLS utilized for both the measurement model analysis and the structural model analysis. Result Findings from the study reveal how social support, as external factor, is positively influencing wellbeing and resilience. The study also shows that resilience plays a role in influencing wellbeing. Therefore, the total impact of social support to wellbeing is strong, directly and indirectly. This study also shows the positive impact of personal traits, specifically extraversion to wellbeing. However, this study fails to show the dark side of technology impacted wellbeing. Conclusion The study expands knowledge on the direct positive relationship between social support, resilience, and well-being, revealing that social support significantly affects well-being both directly and indirectly through resilience. Additionally, it confirms that well-being is influenced by internal factors, such as resilience and extraversion, and highlights the impact of technology, especially Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and screen time, on well-being. Practically, it encourages parents and educators to support Gen Z by fostering open communication, guiding resilience development, and monitoring technology usage to combat potential negative effects like FoMO.
ISSN:1471-2458