| Summary: | Athletes with transtibial amputation (TTA) use running-specific prostheses (RSPs) to run. RSP configuration likely affects the biomechanics of such athletes across speeds. We determined how the use of three RSP models (Catapult, Sprinter and Xtend) with three stiffness categories (recommended, ±1), and three heights (recommended, ±2 cm) affected contact length (Lc), stance average vertical ground reaction force (Favg), step frequency (fstep) and asymmetry between legs for 10 athletes with unilateral TTA at 3–7 m s−1. The use of the Xtend versus Catapult RSP decreased Lc (p = 2.69 × 10−7) and Favg asymmetry (p = 0.032); the effect on Lc asymmetry diminished with faster speeds (p = 0.0020). The use of the Sprinter versus Catapult RSP decreased Favg asymmetry (p = 7.00 × 10−5); this effect was independent of speed (p = 0.90). The use of a stiffer RSP decreased Lc asymmetry (p ≤ 0.00033); this effect was independent of speed (p ≥ 0.071). The use of a shorter RSP decreased Lc (p = 5.86 × 10−6), Favg (p = 8.58 × 10−6) and fstep asymmetry (p = 0.0011); each effect was independent of speed (p ≥ 0.15). To minimize asymmetry, athletes with unilateral TTA should use an Xtend or Sprinter RSP with 2 cm shorter than recommended height and stiffness based on intended speed.
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