Physical Stress Induced Reduction of Proliferating Cells and Differentiated Neuroblasts Is Ameliorated by Fermented <i>Laminaria japonica</i> Extract Treatment

• Main Authors: Hyo Young Jung, Woosuk Kim, Hyun Jung Kwon, Dae Young Yoo, Sung Min Nam, Kyu Ri Hahn, Sun Shin Yi, Jung Hoon Choi, Dae Won Kim, Yeo Sung Yoon, In Koo Hwang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
• Series: Marine Drugs
• Subjects: stress; corticosterone; fermented <i>Laminaria japonica</i> extract; dentate gyrus; neurogenesis
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/587

<i>Laminaria japonica</i> is widely cultivated in East Asia, including South Korea. Fucoidan, a main component of <i>L. japonica</i>, protects neurons from neurological disorders such as ischemia and traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we examined the effects of extract from fermented <i>L. japonica</i> on the reduction of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in mice that were physically (with electric food shock) or psychologically (with visual, auditory and olfactory sensation) stressed with the help of a communication box. Vehicle (distilled water) or fermented <i>L. japonica</i> extract (50 mg/kg) were orally administered to the mice once a day for 21 days. On the 19th day of the treatment, physical and psychological stress was induced by foot shock using a communication box and thereafter for three days. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased after exposure to physical stress and decreased Ki67 positive proliferating cells and doublecortin immunoreactive neuroblasts. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that physical stress as well as psychological stress decreased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the number of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) positive nuclei in the dentate gyrus. Fermentation of <i>L. japonica</i> extract significantly increased the contents of reduced sugar and phenolic compounds. Supplementation with fermented <i>L. japonica</i> extract significantly ameliorated the increases of plasma corticosterone revels and decline in the proliferating cells, neuroblasts, and expression of BDNF and pCREB in the physically stressed mice. These results indicate that fermented <i>L. japonica</i> extract has positive effects in ameliorating the physical stress induced reduction in neurogenesis by modulating BDNF and pCREB expression in the dentate gyrus.