Why Female Smokers Have Poorer Long-Term Health Outcomes than Male Smokers: The Role of Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy

Objectives: Women’s health status is better than men but the opposite is true for female smokers who usually have poorer long-health outcomes than male smokers. The objectives of this study were to thoroughly reviewed and analyzed relevant literature and to propose a hypothesis that may explain this...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Public Health Reviews
Main Authors:	Li Yang, Yunchun Zhou, Mingyan Jiang, Wendy Wen, Yanfang Guo, Smita Pakhale, Shi Wu Wen
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-02-01
Subjects:	cigarette smoking tobacco dependence health effect sex female
Online Access:	https://www.ssph-journal.org/articles/10.3389/phrs.2024.1605579/full