Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Congenital Heart Defects: Retinoic Acid Deficiency as a Potential Mechanism in Dextro-Type Transposition of the Great Arteries

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a preventable cause of developmental disabilities linked to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are frequently observed in FASD, with a notable association between PAE and dextro-type transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)....

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التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية

الحاوية / القاعدة:	Pathophysiology
المؤلفون الرئيسيون:	Roberto Paparella, Carolina Putotto, Marco Fiore, Fiorenza Colloridi, Paolo Versacci, Mauro Ceccanti, Bruno Marino, Luigi Tarani
التنسيق:	مقال
اللغة:	الإنجليزية
منشور في:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
الموضوعات:	fetal alcohol spectrum disorder congenital heart defects prenatal alcohol exposure transposition of the great arteries retinoic acid cardiovascular disorders
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:	https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/32/3/35