Bias in the estimated association between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to a specific chemical component of fine particulate matter: The example of black carbon

Introduction: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to many adverse health outcomes, which can vary significantly depending on the chemical profile of the PM2.5. However, many meta-analyses of the health effects of a specific component of PM2.5 have ignored the effect...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Main Authors:	Jianyu Deng, Ning Kang, Xueqiu Ni, Hong Lu, Meng Wang, Mingkun Tong, Pengfei Li, Mingjin Tang, Tao Xue, Mei Zheng, Tong Zhu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2025-09-01
Subjects:	Omitted variable bias PM2.5 Black carbon Long-term exposure All-cause mortality
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325012047