Thermal Environment for Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Based on Non-Uniform Planetary Infrared Radiation Model

Accurate computation of external heat flux is critical for spacecraft thermal analysis and thermal control system design. The traditional method, which adopted the uniform planetary infrared radiation model (UPIRM), is inadequate for lunar orbital missions due to the extreme planetary surface temper...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Aerospace
Main Authors:	Xinqi Li, Liying Tan, Jing Ma, Xuemin Qian
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	external heat flux lunar orbit lunar infrared radiation heat flux spacecraft thermal analysis non-uniform planetary radiation model
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/8/737