Decarbonising the Inland Waterways: A Review of Fuel-Agnostic Energy Provision and the Infrastructure Challenges

Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) is widely recognised as an energy-efficient freight mode, yet its decarbonisation is increasingly constrained not by propulsion technology, but by the absence of infrastructure capable of delivering clean energy where and when it is needed. This paper presents a struc...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Energies
Main Authors:	Paul Simavari, Kayvan Pazouki, Rosemary Norman
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Subjects:	inland waterways transport maritime decarbonisation marine energy provision zero-emission shipping fuel agnostic infrastructure vessel energy demand
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/19/5146