Bactericidal Activities of Nanoemulsion Containing <i>Piper betle</i> L. Leaf and Hydroxychavicol Against Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Modelling Simulation of Hydroxychavicol Against Bacterial Cell Division Proteins

<b>Background</b>: Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is a leading cause of colibacillosis in poultry. <i>Piper betle</i> L. is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds including hydroxychavicol that possess potent antibacterial activity. This st...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Antibiotics
Main Authors:	Kunchaphorn Ratchasong, Phirabhat Saengsawang, Gorawit Yusakul, Fonthip Makkliang, Hemanth Kumar Lakhanapuram, Phitchayapak Wintachai, Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Chonticha Romyasamit, Watcharapong Mitsuwan
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Piper betle</i> nanoemulsion hydroxychavicol antibacterial activities cell division proteins
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/8/788