The male reproductive toxicity after 5-Fluorouracil exposure: DNA damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
• Main Authors: Wenzheng Yuan, Guojie Ji, Xiaowei Shi, Zhibin Sun, Chenyan Liu, Yangyang Yu, Wenmi Li, Xiaoyi Wang, Huanhuan Hu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2024-06-01
• Subjects: 5-Fluorouracil; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis; Public health; Reproductive toxicity; Testis damage
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324005414

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a variety of cancers, can enter the environment through different routes, causing serious public health and environmental concerns. It has been reported that 5-FU exposure adversely affects male reproductive function, and its effects on this system cannot be avoided. In this study, using western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies, we found that 5-FU promoted testicular injury by inducing oxidative stress, which was accompanied by the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element signaling. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) aggravated 5-FU-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in murine cell lines and testes, indicating oxidative stress and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling play crucial roles in the damage of spermatogenic cells caused. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant that scavenges intracellular ROS, protected spermatogenic cells from 5-FU-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, revealing the important role of ROS in testicular dysfunction caused by 5-FU. We found that 5-FU exposure induces testicular cell apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondria pathway in mice. In summary, our findings revealed the reproductive toxicological effect of 5-FU on mice and its mechanism, provided basic data reference for adverse ecological and human health outcomes associated with 5-FU contamination or poisoning.