Lettuce Performance in a Tri-Trophic System Incorporating Crops, Fish and Insects Confirms the Feasibility of Circularity in Agricultural Production

A circular tri-trophic system integrating aquaponics, i.e., combined cultivation of crops and fish, with insect rearing is presented for lettuce cultivation. The nutrition cycle among crops, insects and fish turns waste into resource, thereby increasing the sustainability of this food production sys...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Agronomy
Main Authors:	Michalis Chatzinikolaou, Anastasia Mourantian, Maria Feka, Efi Levizou
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Subjects:	physiology soilless cultivation photosynthesis chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthetic pigments waste
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/8/1782