Causal effects of circulating inflammatory proteins on colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization and Spatial transcriptomic study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationships between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and colorectal cancer (CRC) using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, supplemented by spatial transcriptomic analysis. Methods Genetic ins...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Discover Oncology
Main Authors:	Mei Bai, Bo Wu, Jie Li, Li Zhao, Lingqiong Zhao
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Springer 2025-09-01
Subjects:	Mendelian randomization Inflammatory proteins Colorectal cancer GWAS Spatial transcriptomics Causal inference
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03656-z