Interplay of HIF-1α, SMAD2, and VEGF signaling in hypoxic renal environments: impact on macrophage polarization and renoprotection

This study investigates the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), SMAD2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal repair under hypoxic conditions, focusing on their impact on macrophage phenotype transformation. Bioinformatics analysis identified SMAD2 as a key gene in renal inju...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Renal Failure
Main Authors:	Yaya Xu, Jiayue Xu, Jiru Li, Xiangmei Kong, Haoyun Mao, Zhiyi Du, Jiahui Zan, Lili Xu, Wen Qian, Zhushengying Ma, Yueniu Zhu, Xiaodong Zhu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Subjects:	Kidney injury hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha vascular endothelial growth factor macrophage polarization renal repair mechanisms
Online Access:	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2025.2561784