Preferential Energization of Solar Wind Ions Below the Alfvénic Surface

Understanding how solar wind ions are heated and accelerated remains a central question in heliophysics. Observations consistently show that alpha particles are hotter and faster than protons, particularly close to the Sun. This suggests that kinetic processes play a dominant role in shaping ion dis...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Main Authors:	Parisa Mostafavi, V. K. Jagarlamudi, N. E. Raouafi, J. C. Palacios, R. C. Allen, M. E. Hill, L. Ofman, G. C. Ho
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Subjects:	Heliosphere The Sun Solar wind Solar system evolution Alfvén waves Space plasmas
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0732