Unexpected and Synergistical Effects of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and TGF-β2 on Biological Aspects of 2D and 3D Cultured ARPE19 Cells

<b>Objectives:</b> To study the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on TGF-β2-induced effects of human retinal pigment epithelium cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. <b>Methods:</b> Two-dimensionally (2D) and three-dimensionally (3D) cultured ARPE19 cells were...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines
Main Authors: Megumi Higashide, Megumi Watanabe, Tatsuya Sato, Toshifumi Ogawa, Araya Umetsu, Soma Suzuki, Masato Furuhashi, Hiroshi Ohguro, Nami Nishikiori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Subjects:
TGF-β2
human retinal pigment epithelium
3D culture
ATRA
hypoxia
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2228

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2228

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