Ricin and Abrin in Biosecurity: Detection Technologies and Strategic Responses

Plant-derived toxins such as ricin and abrin represent some of the most potent biological agents known, posing significant threats to public health and security due to their high toxicity, relative ease of extraction, and widespread availability. These ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) have been...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Toxins
Main Authors:	Wojciech Zajaczkowski, Ewelina Bojarska, Elwira Furtak, Michal Bijak, Rafal Szelenberger, Marcin Niemcewicz, Marcin Podogrocki, Maksymilian Stela, Natalia Cichon
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-10-01
Subjects:	ricin abrin plant-derived toxins ribosome-inactivating proteins bioterrorism field-deployable biosensors
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/10/494