Forecasting CO2 emissions in BRICS countries using the grey breakpoint prediction models

Abstract In this paper, three novel grey breakpoint prediction models are proposed based on calculating the development coefficient and grey action of grey prediction models after fuzzy breakpoints, unifying the calculation methods for parameter estimation and the relevant time-response equations, a...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Carbon Balance and Management
Main Authors:	Huiping Wang, Xinge Guo
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-05-01
Subjects:	Grey breakpoint prediction model Particle swarm optimisation CO2 emissions Time response function
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00301-8