Application status of holmium and thulium fiber laser for urological calculi

Holmium:YAG(Ho:YAG) is still recognized as the gold standard for lithotripsy due to its advantages of high efficiency, safety, wide indications and high compatibility with minimally invasive techniques. However, it still faces challenges such as calculi retropulsion and heat generation risk in clini...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Physics
Main Authors:	Shu-Ping Hou, Yu-Guo Wang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Subjects:	urological calculi laser lithotripsy holmium:YAG thulium fiber laser mechanism of laser lithotripsy
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1590456/full