An intelligent decision-making framework for territorial spatial layout coupling simulation and optimization: a case study of Hui’an County

IntroductionThe primary challenge in territorial spatial planning is optimizing land allocation under complex constraints. This study aims to bridge the gap between predictive simulation and normative optimization to support scientific planning.MethodsThis study developed an intelligent framework co...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Environmental Science
Main Authors:	Ran Fang, Yang Liu, Zeying Lan, Bingbing Jin, Ce Xu, Yu Chen, Shenle Zheng
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-10-01
Subjects:	territorial spatial optimization land use layout decision support ANN-CA multi-agent systems ant colony algorithm
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1705832/full