Algal-bacterial symbiotic system for treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater: performance, mechanisms and applications

Abstract In algal symbiotic systems (ABSS), bacteria and algae establish mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic relationships, leveraging their respective biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms, along with symbiotic effects, to effectively treat heavy metal (HM)-containing wastewater. The HM remov...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	npj Clean Water
Main Authors:	Yunqing Huang, Jianghua Yu, Xiao Huang, Jiangfeng Sun, Wenyan Tang, Min Wei, Gan Yang, Yuxin Fu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2025-09-01
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-025-00475-1