Income per capita, energy consumption, population growth, foreign direct investment, and environmental degradation in South Africa

This research examines the relationship between income, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, population growth, and environmental degradation in South Africa, using Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions as an indicator of environmental degradation. The objective is to evaluate the Environmental K...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Cogent Social Sciences
Main Authors:	Xola Ntshuntshe, Kin Sibanda, Rufaro Garidzirai
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Subjects:	EKC carbon emissions environmental degradation GDP ARDL South Africa
Online Access:	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311886.2025.2480170