Managing Surcharge Risk in Strategic Fleet Deployment: A Partial Relaxed MIP Model Framework with a Case Study on China-Built Ships

Container liner shipping companies operate within a complex environment where they must balance profitability and service reliability. Meanwhile, evolving regulatory policies, such as surcharges imposed on ships of a particular origin or type on specific trade lanes, introduce new operational challe...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Applied Sciences
Main Authors:	Yanmeng Tao, Ying Yang, Shuaian Wang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	container liner shipping bi-objective mixed-integer programming model totally unimodular Pareto frontier operational surcharges risk management
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8582