Polydopamine nanoparticles as immunomodulators: inhibition of M1 microglial polarization

Neuroinflammation is a central feature of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, where excessive activation of microglia can contribute to neuronal damage. The pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia is characterized by increased production of reactive...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Main Authors:	Maria Cristina Ceccarelli, Luigi Lai, Alessio Carmignani, Matteo Battaglini, Gianni Ciofani
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-10-01
Subjects:	polydopamine nanoparticles microglia immunomodulation neuroinflammation antioxidant
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1672520/full