Quantitative Measurement of Hakka Phonetic Distances

This study proposes a novel approach to measuring phonetic distances among six Hailu Hakka vowels ([i, e, ɨ, a, u, o]) by applying Euclidean distance-based calculations from both articulatory and acoustic perspectives. By analyzing articulatory feature values and acoustic formant structures, vowel d...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Languages
Main Author:	I-Ping Wan
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Subjects:	Hakka Euclidean distance quantitative linguistics acoustic phonetics
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/10/8/185