Orchard variable-rate spraying method integrating GNSS and wind-excited audio-conducted leaf area density

IntroductionConventional air-assisted sprayers used in orchards often suffer from excessive pesticide waste, high residue levels, and uneven droplet distribution on fruit tree canopies. Precision spraying technologies have emerged to address these limitations by enabling dynamic regulation of spray...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Plant Science
Main Authors:	Hangxing Zhao, Shenghui Yang, Wenwei Li, Han Feng, Shijie Jiang, Weihong Liu, Jingbin Li, Yongjun Zheng, Songchao Zhang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Subjects:	GNSS variable-rate spraying leaf area density prescription map canopy droplet deposition
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1621080/full