Association between serum cotinine levels and urinary incontinence in adults in the United States: a population-based cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has been shown to be associated with a variety of diseases, but evidence regarding the association between it and urinary incontinence (UI) is limited. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine in the human body, can more accurately quantify the level of...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	BMC Public Health
Main Authors:	Chengdong Shi, Lei Yang, Guoqiang Zeng, Hongliang Cao, Fangqiu Yu, Shanyu Sha, Yuantao Wang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2024-08-01
Subjects:	Non-linear associations Serum cotinine Environmental tobacco smoke NHANES Urinary incontinence
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19863-2