Effects of different metabolizable energy levels on apparent nutrient digestibility and metabolism, blood biochemical indicators, and fecal flora diversity in racing pigeons undergoing exercise training

This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary energy requirements for pigeons undergoing exercise training. A total of 200 pigeons were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 40 per treatment) and subjected to 1 h of daily flight training. A one-way ANOVA design was employed, testing five dietary...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Microbiology
Main Authors:	Xiao bin Li, Xin sheng Guo, Hai ying Li, Jia jia Liu, Jian wei Lin, Sheng chen Zheng, Li feng Ke
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-09-01
Subjects:	pigeon metabolizable energy oxidative stress serum biochemical variables fecal microbiota
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1632529/full