Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Are Affected by Age and Activity Level in Athletic Horses

The physiological capabilities of horses begin to decline after they reach 15 years of age. However, some exceptionally talented horses can continue their sports careers beyond this age, raising concerns about their welfare. This study investigated animal welfare by observing resting heart rate (HR)...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Veterinary Sciences
Main Authors:	Thita Wonghanchao, Kanokpan Sanigavatee, Soontaree Petchdee, Kulpreeya Chettaratanont, Thitakorn Thongyen, Boonbaramee Wanichayanon, Chanoknun Poochipakorn, Metha Chanda
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Subjects:	autonomic regulation dressage exercise volume geriatric horse school riding
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/624