Embodied vs. Operational Energy and Carbon in Retail Building Shells: A Case Study in Portugal

(1) Background: The embodied energy of building materials is a significant contributor to climate change, in tandem with the energy use intensity (EUI). Yet, studies on the material impacts of European retail buildings, namely with relation to EUI, are missing. Hence, this study set out to: (i) eval...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Energies
Main Authors:	Ana Ferreira, Manuel Duarte Pinheiro, Jorge de Brito, Ricardo Mateus
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2022-12-01
Subjects:	retail buildings building shell environmental impact embodied energy primary energy GHG emissions
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/378