Mechanisms and Assessment of Genotoxicity of Metallic Engineered Nanomaterials in the Human Environment

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have a broad array of applications in agriculture, engineering, manufacturing, and medicine. Decades of toxicology research have demonstrated that ENMs can cause genotoxic effects on bacteria, mammalian cells, and animals. Some metallic ENMs (MENMs), e.g., metal or me...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Biomedicines
Main Authors:	Benjamin M. Liu, A. Wallace Hayes
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Subjects:	engineered nanomaterials metallic genotoxicity mechanisms assessment guidance
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/10/2401