Pilot Study: Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Indices in Mules Evaluated by 24-Hour Electrocardiogram

Mules and donkeys are the 5th largest equine population in the U.S., yet basic information such as heart rate and arrhythmia prevalence in mules has not been described. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides valuable insight into physiologic and autonomic differences between mules, horses...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals
Main Authors: Lauren T. Maas, Jessica M. Morgan, Jordan Case, David D. Chell, Amy K. McLean
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:
cardiac
ECG
EKG
Holter monitor
arrhythmia
equine
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/16/2438

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/16/2438

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