Immunization Coverage and Barriers among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims: Insights into Vaccine Uptake and Compliance

Abstract Background The Hajj pilgrimage poses significant public health challenges due to the risk of infectious disease transmission. Despite mandatory vaccination policies, barriers such as hesitancy, logistical issues, and vaccine availability persist. Objective This study assesses vaccine uptake...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Main Authors:	Adeeb A. Bulkhi, Hani M. Almoallim, Majed S. Obaid, Nahla H. Hariri, Hamsah S. Alqashqri, Ismail A. Alghamdi, Amar Mohammad A. Alkhotani, Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui, Heba M. Adly, Mohammed A. Garout, Elbagir A. Elfaki, Saleh A. K. Saleh, Noura Mohammed Bakhsh, Raghda Sami Hassan H. Alhazmi, Aous S. Alhazmi, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Fahad A. Alamri, Anas A. Khan
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Springer 2025-08-01
Subjects:	Hajj Vaccine uptake Mass gatherings Vaccine barriers Infectious disease prevention Public health
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00447-1