1H MRS-based metabolite changes at ventral respiratory control centers of the medulla oblongata following administration of morphine in wild-type and GIRK2 mutant mice

Respiratory depression is the leading cause of death in opioid overdose and is closely associated with the development of tolerance following repeated morphine use. However, the neurochemical adaptations in brainstem regions that regulate breathing, particularly under chronic opioid exposure, remain...

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