Intervertebral disc degeneration, age, and sex affect the range of motion of the cervical spine

Abstract Influences of intervertebral disc degeneration, age, sex, and segmental level on the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine are widely unknown. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate these effects using large sample sizes. 19 fresh frozen human cervical spines (occiput-T1) were loaded w...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Scientific Reports
Main Authors:	Christian Liebsch, Ann-Kathrin Greiner-Perth, Morten Vogt, Verena Vieres, René Jonas, Annette Kienle, Hans-Joachim Wilke
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Subjects:	Cervical spine Intervertebral disc degeneration Age Sex Range of motion In vitro study
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07182-4