Deep Learning-Based Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Smartphone Sensors in GNSS-Denied Environment

This study presents a deep learning-based framework for vehicle speed estimation in GNSS-denied environments, such as underground parking lots, using only smartphone sensors. Accurate speed estimation in such environments is critical for enabling infrastructure-free indoor navigation, yet remains ch...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Applied Sciences
Main Authors:	Beomju Shin, Shiyi Li, Boseong Kim
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	smartphone LSTM underground parking lot navigation GNSS-denied environments
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/16/8824