Epigenetic remodeling by sex hormone receptors and implications for gender affirming hormone therapy

Sex differences in immune system development and response to pathogens has been well documented, with females exhibiting more favorable outcomes for certain infections but a higher incidence of autoimmune disease compared to males. At least some of these sex differences are mediated by sex hormones,...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Immunology
Main Authors:	Den Celestra, Nhi N. L. Nguyen, Camille Laberthonniere, Ken C. Pang, Richard Saffery, Rachel A. Davey, Musa Mhlanga, Ada S. Cheung, Boris Novakovic
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Subjects:	epigenetics sex hormones estrogen testosterone estrogen receptor gender-affirming hormonal therapy
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1501959/full