Advanced Robust Heading Control for Unmanned Surface Vessels Using Hybrid Metaheuristic-Optimized Variable Universe Fuzzy PID with Enhanced Smith Predictor

With the increasing deployment of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) in complex marine operations such as ocean monitoring, search and rescue, and military reconnaissance, precise heading control under environmental disturbances and system delays has become a critical challenge. This paper presents an...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Biomimetics
Main Authors:	Siyu Zhan, Qiang Liu, Zhao Zhao, Shen’ao Zhang, Yaning Xu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Subjects:	unmanned surface vessels (USVs) heading control variable-universe fuzzy PID smith predictor hybrid metaheuristic optimization robust control
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/9/611