IL-1β+ tumor-associated macrophages accelerate glioblastoma progression by amplifying the PGE2-EP4 signaling

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) harbors a highly inflammatory microenvironment driven predominantly by activated innate immune cells, despite being classified as an immunologically cold tumor due to limited T cell infiltration. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key contributors to disease progress...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Journal of Neuroinflammation
Main Authors:	Hao Liang, Qunying Yang, Biling Zhong, Dan Li, Feima Wu, Jian Zhang, Chongqi Guo, Zhengquan Zhu, Min Feng, Yong Zhang, Hui Peng
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-10-01
Subjects:	Glioblastoma microenvironment IL-1β+ macrophages PGE2 TNFα C/EBPβ
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03551-y