A Legendre tau approach for high-order pantograph Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations

High-order pantograph Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations (P-VF-IDEs) arise in various scientific and engineering applications, where systems exhibit delay or scaling in their dynamics. This paper investigates a class of high-order P-VF-IDEs characterized by the presence of both Volterr...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	AIMS Mathematics
Main Authors:	Mahmoud A. Zaky, Weam G. Alharbi, Marwa M. Alzubaidi, R.T. Matoog
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	AIMS Press 2025-03-01
Subjects:	pantograph volterra-fredholm high-order integro-differential equations spectral method legendre tau
Online Access:	https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025322