| Summary: | Remote robotic surgery has the potential to overcome geographic barriers, but most existing systems do not provide real-time haptic feedback or guarantee low-latency and reliable communication—both of which are critical for safe dental procedures. To address these limitations, we design a remote dental surgery system that integrates real-time force feedback into a robotic platform supported by an optimized Amazon Kinesis Video Streams Web Real-Time Communication (KVS WebRTC) framework. The proposed system incorporates 1) a surgeon-side platform with haptic interfaces, 2) a patient-side robotic platform equipped with dual cameras and a customized miniature force sensor, and 3) a dedicated real-time communication framework with two video channels and two data channels. Experimental evaluations confirm that the system achieves end-to-end latency under 50 ms, reducing delay by 34.2% compared with baseline configurations, while real-time haptic feedback improves operational safety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first telesurgery system leveraging Amazon KVS WebRTC, providing a reliable, secure, and force-aware solution specifically tailored for dental robotic surgery. This novelty enables both clinical safety and scalability, advancing telesurgery beyond proof-of-concept demonstrations.
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