Risk Factors and Cellular Differences in Heart Failure: The Key Role of Sex Hormones

Patients with heart failure are conventionally stratified into phenotypic groups based on their ejection fraction. The aim of this stratification is to improve disease management with a more targeted therapeutic approach. A further subdivision based on patient gender is justified. It is recognized t...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Biomedicines
Main Authors:	Elvira Delcuratolo, Alberto Palazzuoli, Francesca Coppi, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Paolo Severino, Francesco Tramonte, Francesco Fedele
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Subjects:	heart failure phenotypes sex differences sex hormones biomarkers risk factors
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/3052