Extracellular vesicle bioactivity and potential for clinical development are determined by mesenchymal stromal cell clonal subtype

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in numerous clinical trials but very few reach phase 3 or market authorisation. Progress is often hampered by the use of non-clonal, heterogeneous and uncharacterised MSC cultures and lack of mechanistic understanding. There is limi...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Main Authors:	Savvas Ioannou, Alasdair G. Kay, Andrew P. Stone, Emma Rand, Samuel Elberfeld, William Bolton, Tony Larson, Rachel E. Crossland, Oksana Kehoe, David A. Mentlak, Xiao-Nong Wang, Chris MacDonald, Paul G. Genever
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-10-01
Subjects:	Mesenchymal stromal cells Heterogeneity Extracellular vesicles Matrix proteins Biotherapeutic Arthritis
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04665-z