Preparation and characterization of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) based biocatalyst for the transformation of kernel oil to biodiesel

The proportion of palm oil produced worldwide as of 2023–2024 was 79.46 million metric tons. Specifically, 90 % of the biomass from palm trees is wasted, and only 10 % of the total oil palm products are made from palm kernel oil. The majority of research' conclusions show that PKS has enormous...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	South African Journal of Chemical Engineering
Main Authors:	E.O. Babatunde, S. Enomah, O.M. Akwenuke, M.A. Ibeh, C.O. Okwelum, M.M. Mundu, P.O. Adepoju, A.O. Aki, O.D. Oghenejabor, T.F. Adepoju, C.O. Ifedora, K. Mabel
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2025-04-01
Subjects:	Palm kernel shell Bio-adsorbent Process optimization Definite screen design (DSD) Biofuel High acidity
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918525000198