Mutual Effects of Face-Swap Deepfakes and Digital Watermarking—A Region-Aware Study

Face swapping is commonly assumed to act locally on the face region, which motivates placing watermarks away from the face to preserve the integrity of the face. We demonstrate that this assumption is violated in practice. Using a region-aware protocol with tunable-strength visible and invisible wat...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Sensors
Main Authors:	Tomasz Walczyna, Zbigniew Piotrowski
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Subjects:	digital image watermarking multimedia security deepfake face swap generative adversarial networks invisible watermark visible watermark
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/19/6015