Exploring the relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, urbanization, renewables and foreign investment in Iceland

Iceland continues to face CO2 emission challenges despite its near-total reliance on renewable energy. This study analyzes the effects of GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption (RENC), foreign direct investment (FDI), and urbanization on CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2023, using an ARDL model wit...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Energy Strategy Reviews
Main Authors:	Simona-Vasilica Oprea, Adela Bâra, Irina Alexandra Georgescu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2025-09-01
Subjects:	CO2 emissions GDP Renewables FDI Urbanization Energy Kuznets curve
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X25001981