Mixture Multilevel SEM vs. Multilevel SEM for comparing structural relations across groups in presence of measurement non-invariance

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is commonly used to explore relations between latent variables, such as beliefs and attitudes. However, comparing structural relations across a large number of groups, such as countries or classrooms, can be challenging. Existing SEM approaches may fall short, espe...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Psychology
Main Authors:	Hongwei Zhao, Jeroen K. Vermunt, Kim De Roover
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Subjects:	structural equation modeling (SEM) measurement invariance (MI) multilevel modeling mixture modeling multielvel SEM
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1463790/full