Optimal Fractional-Order Control Scheme for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management

The increasing need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly electricity generation has led to the extensive use of hybrid electric systems. These systems integrate different energy sources in an effort to take advantage of the positives of each technology, as using a single source of energ...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	World Electric Vehicle Journal
Main Authors:	K. Dhananjay Rao, Kapu Venkata Sri Ram Prasad, Paidi Pavani, Subhojit Dawn, Taha Selim Ustun
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2026-04-01
Subjects:	hybrid electric vehicle lithium-ion battery ultracapacitor energy management system FOPID controller
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/17/4/197