Health risk assessment of cadmium, lead, iron, and zinc exposure from food and cigarettes in Pakistani smokers

Aim and background: Smoking is a major contributor to illnesses and deaths, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic pulmonary diseases. This study aims to analyze the levels of trace metals (Pb, Cd) and their potential impact on vital metals (Fe, Zn) in cigarette sm...

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書誌詳細

出版年:	Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals
主要な著者:	Hamza Shafiq, Mamoona Amir, Aneela Hameed, Amir Ismail, Siti Suhaila Binti Harith, Areeba Usman
フォーマット:	論文
言語:	英語
出版事項:	Elsevier 2025-09-01
主題:	Blood Cadmium Cigarette Iron Lead
オンライン･アクセス:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773050625000424